Children Independent Mobility

Kolkata, India

The study conducted in India to examine the levels of children's independent mobility (CIM) and the environmental factors influencing it. CIM refers to a child's ability to move around freely, which has been found to improve cognitive skills, environmental resilience, physical activity levels, and connection with the neighborhood. Previous international studies have shown a decline in CIM over the past few decades, accompanied by a rise in childhood overweight and obesity issues.

The study focuses on five neighbourhoods in Kolkata, categorized as low-rise, mid-rise, and high-rise, and collects data from 673 children aged 7-12 and their parents. The researchers analyse the socio-demographic, built environment, and social environment factors influencing CIM. They measure CIM license (parental permission for independent mobility) and CIM destination (actual independent mobility trips). The results show a declining trend in CIM across all neighbourhood typologies, with low-rise neighbourhoods exhibiting the highest levels. The study finds that land-use mix positively influences CIM, while traffic exposure has a negative impact. Social cohesion and neighbourhood safety are significant factors affecting CIM in all neighbourhoods. Parental CIM license is more influenced by the built environment, while children's actual independent mobility is affected by the social environment. The study also highlights the importance of neighbourhood verticality, spatial growth, and a sustainable environment in supporting CIM. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the diverse factors influencing children's independent mobility in Indian urban neighbourhoods. It emphasizes the need for comprehensive data on CIM to create child-friendly environments that promote independent mobility at the local level.